Malunga nombono weglasi
Iglasi, yayikwabizwa ngokuba yiLiuli kwiTshayina yamandulo.Oonobumba baseTshayina baseJapan bamelwe ngeglasi.Yinto eqinileyo ebonakala elubala eyenza ubume bothungelwano oluqhubekayo xa inyibilika.Ngexesha lokupholisa, i-viscosity iyanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ilukhuni ngaphandle kwe-crystallization.Ukwakheka kweglasi eqhelekileyo yeoksidi yekhemikhali yiNa2O•CaO•6SiO2, kwaye inxalenye ephambili yisilicon dioxide.
Iglasi i-inert yekhemikhali kwindawo yemihla ngemihla kwaye ayidibanisi nezinto eziphilayo, ngoko ininzi kakhulu.Iglasi ayinyibiliki ngokubanzi kwiasidi (ngaphandle: i-hydrofluoric acid idibana neglasi ukwenza i-SiF4, ekhokelela kwi-corrosion yeglasi), kodwa iyanyibilika kwi-alkalis eyomeleleyo, efana ne-cesium hydroxide.Inkqubo yokwenziwa kukunyibilikisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle kwaye zizipholise ngokukhawuleza.Imolekyuli nganye ayinaxesha laneleyo lokwenza iikristale zenze iglasi.Iglasi iqinile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Yinto eethe-ethe enobulukhuni be-Mohs ye-6.5.
Imbali yeglasi
Iglasi yafunyanwa kuqala ekuqinisweni kwamatye aneasidi akhutshwa kwiintaba-mlilo.Ngaphambi kwe-3700 BC, amaYiputa amandulo ayekwazi ukwenza imihlobiso yeglasi kunye ne-glassware elula.Ngelo xesha kwakukho iglasi enemibala kuphela.Ngaphambi kwe-1000 BC, i-China yenza iglasi engenambala.
Ngenkulungwane ye-12 ye-AD, iglasi yorhwebo yotshintshiselwano yavela kwaye yaqala ukuba yinto yoshishino.Ngenkulungwane ye-18, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuphuhlisa iiteleskopu, kwaveliswa iglasi yokukhanya.Ngo-1873, iBelgium yakhokela ekwenzeni iglasi ecaba.Ngowe-1906, iUnited States yavelisa umatshini weglasi osicaba okhokelela phezulu.Ngo-1959, iNkampani yaseBritane yePilkington Glass yabhengeza kwihlabathi ukuba inkqubo yokwenziwa kweglasi edadayo iphuhliswe ngempumelelo, nto leyo yayilutshintsho kwinkqubo yokwenziwa komphetho.Ukusukela ngoko, kunye nemveliso kunye nemveliso enkulu yeglasi, iglasi yokusetyenziswa okwahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo ziye zaphuma enye emva kwenye.Kule mihla, iglasi iye yaba yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, imveliso, isayensi kunye neteknoloji.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-21-2021